Accumulation/Distribution Line

Install and import#

npm install fintech-algorithms

import { accumulationDistributionLine } from "fintech-algorithms/technical-indicators/volume-indicators/accumulation-distribution-line";

Signature#

accumulationDistributionLine(high, low, close, volume, initial)

Weights each bar's volume by where the close sat within that bar's range, then accumulates. Unlike OBV it distinguishes a close at the high from a close barely above the open.

Parameters#

Returns#

Record<string, (number | null)[]> · length same-as-input

Parallel series: range, money_flow_multiplier, volume, money_flow_volume and adl.

Warm-up#

The first 0 positions are null. Defined from the first bar; a zero-range bar contributes nothing rather than dividing by zero.

Errors#

• When the input series are not all the same length — throws RangeError

Complexity: time O(n), space O(n).

Worked example#

executed Captured by running this function on the input its own test provides. Real output of real code — but not asserted against a published figure.

Input#

[101.05, 101.52482, 102.098461, 102.729464, 103.36806, 103.963227]

Showing 6 of 120 elements.

[99.4, 99.462904, 99.936275, 100.512674, 101.151059, 101.802588]

Showing 6 of 120 elements.

[100.28, 100.686113, 101.200346, 101.789282, 102.408843, 103.010585]

Showing 6 of 120 elements.

[990000, 1066468.036, 1130033.236, 1170141.961, 1180511.26, 1160272.794]

Showing 6 of 120 elements.

Call#

accumulationDistributionLine(high, low, close, volume, initial)

Returns#

object with 5 fields: range, money_flow_multiplier, volume, money_flow_volume, adl

{
  "range": [
    1.6499999999999915,
    2.0619160000000107,
    2.1621860000000055,
    2.216789999999989,
    2.2170009999999962,
    2.1606390000000033
  ],
  "money_flow_multiplier": [
    0.06666666666666667,
    0.1864780136533253,
    0.16925278398805474,
    0.1517626838807486,
    0.1346715675816141,
    0.118184944361371
  ],
  "volume": [990000, 1066468.036, 1130033.236, 1170141.961, 1180511.26, 1160272.794],
  "money_flow_volume": [
    66000,
    198872.84097804304,
    191261.2711920305,
    177583.88452284224,
    158981.30193194642,
    137126.7756029025
  ],
  "adl": [
    66000,
    264872.84097804304,
    456134.11217007355,
    633717.9966929158,
    792699.2986248622,
    929826.0742277647
  ]
}

Other exports#

This module also exports obv, chaikinMoneyFlow, moneyFlowIndex, volumePriceTrend, forceIndex. Every module additionally exports run as an alias of its primary function, and a meta object carrying its catalog id, domain, family, shape and article URL.

Diagrams#

Calculation flow#

flowchart LR
  A["Finalized finalized high, low, close, and nonnegative volume"] --> B["Validate order, alignment, and finite values"]
  B --> C["Bar range"]
  C --> D["Close-location multiplier"]
  D --> E["Money-flow volume"]
  E --> F{"History and denominator valid?"}
  F -- "No · short history" --> G["warming-up + reason"]
  F -- "No · no finite scale" --> H["undefined + reason"]
  F -- "Yes" --> I["Cumulative A/D Line"]
  I --> J["ready + aligned component trace"]

flowchart LR
    A["Same instrument and identifier?"] -->|Yes| B["Same venue or consolidated scope?"]
    A -->|No| X["Stop: different measurement"]
    B -->|Yes| C["Same volume unit and bar interval?"]
    B -->|No| X
    C -->|Yes| D["Same session and close policy?"]
    C -->|No| X
    D -->|Yes| E["Same corrections and price-volume adjustment basis?"]
    D -->|No| X
    E -->|Yes| F["Same A/D Line convention, seed, warm-up, and precision?"]
    E -->|No| X
    F -->|Yes| G["Compare intermediate components"]
    F -->|No| Y["Document convention difference"]
    G --> H["Compare final output"]

How it works#

This page states the contract — how to call it correctly. The article explains the concept: why it works, and where it breaks.

Read the article →

References#

• Accumulation Distribution (ADL) — TradingView
• Chaikin Oscillator — TradingView
• Volume — TradingView
• TA-Lib function API and volume indicators — TA-Lib
• Consolidated Tape — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Investor.gov
• Closing Price — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Investor.gov
• What is Volume? — CME Group
• Claim-role ledger
• Evidence boundary
• Enhanced claim-to-source map
• Public evidence boundary

The rest of the Volume Indicators family#

• On-Balance Volume (OBV)On-balance volume: a running total that adds the bar's volume when price closed up and subtracts it when price closed down.
• Chaikin Money FlowMoney-flow volume summed over a lookback and divided by total volume over the same window — the accumulation/distribution idea …
• Money Flow IndexRSI computed on typical price weighted by volume — commonly described as volume-weighted RSI, and read on the same 0–100 scale.
• Volume Price TrendLike OBV, but each bar contributes volume scaled by the size of the return rather than only its sign — so a 3% move counts for …
• Force IndexPrice change multiplied by volume, then smoothed.
• Chaikin A/D OscillatorBuilds the cumulative accumulation/distribution line from the money flow multiplier and volume, then returns the difference bet…
• Session VWAP IndicatorAccumulates typical price times volume divided by cumulative volume, restarting the accumulation at every new session.
• Anchored VWAPAccumulates typical price times volume divided by cumulative volume from a chosen anchor bar onward, with no session reset.
• Negative Volume IndexTracks a cumulative index seeded at 1000 that compounds the close-to-close return only on bars whose volume fell against the pr…
• Positive Volume IndexTracks a cumulative index seeded at 1000 that compounds the close-to-close return only on bars whose volume rose against the pr…
• Ease of MovementDivides the typical-price change by a box ratio built from scaled volume over the bar range, then smooths that raw reading with…
• Klinger Volume OscillatorSigns each bar's volume force by the direction of the high-low-close sum and weights it by where the close sits in the bar rang…
• Volume OscillatorReturns the difference between a fast and a slow simple moving average of raw volume.
• Percentage Volume OscillatorExpresses the gap between a fast and a slow EMA of volume as a percentage of the slow EMA.
• Volume Rate of ChangeMeasures the percentage change in volume against the bar period positions earlier.
• Relative VolumeDivides each bar's volume by the simple moving average of volume over the preceding window, giving a multiple of normal activity.
• Money Flow Multiplier and Money Flow VolumeReturns the per-bar money flow multiplier, the close's position within the bar range mapped to minus one through one, and that …
• Volume-Weighted MACDRuns the MACD construction on volume-weighted moving averages of close instead of exponential ones, and smooths the resulting l…
• Volume Zone OscillatorSigns each bar's volume by the direction of the close change, then expresses the EMA of that signed volume as a percentage of t…
• Twiggs Money FlowAccumulates volume weighted by where the close sits inside a range extended to include the prior close, then divides the EMA of…